Black Start Capability

Black start capability is the ability of a generator or aggregated resource to start without external power and energize transmission lines so that other plants can synchronize after a system-wide outage. Traditional black start fleets rely on small diesel sets, hydro units, or combustion turbines equipped with onsite cranking power and dedicated fuel supplies.

A black start plan sequences how energized islands are created, synchronized, and expanded until the grid is fully restored. Plans specify communication protocols, protective relay settings, and which substations or industrial loads receive priority during restoration drills.

Utilities are increasingly evaluating battery energy storage, grid forming inverters, and hybrid plants to supplement fossil-based black start fleets, reducing fuel logistics risks and shortening restart timelines. Regulators require periodic testing, documentation, and audits to confirm readiness, especially after extreme weather or cyber events.

Cross-jurisdictional drills now include cyber and wildfire contingencies, requiring coordinated communications among pipelines, telecom providers, and emergency agencies. Lessons learned feed into revised restoration plans that prioritize critical infrastructure such as hospitals and data centers.